Harassment and threats don’t always come from strangers.
They can come from people you know—ex-partners, neighbours, landlords, co-workers, or even relatives. It might start small: repeated calls, rude messages, casual insults, or an uncomfortable stare that lingers too long.
But sometimes it escalates into something you can no longer ignore. The question is: when does it cross the line, and what can you legally do?
Under Indian law, harassment and criminal threats are not just social issues—they’re punishable offences.
Harassment includes stalking, repeated communication, unwanted advances, blackmail, or sexual comments. Criminal intimidation, defined under Section 503 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), covers threats to cause injury, damage reputation, or create fear.
If someone is making you feel unsafe, it’s worth understanding where your legal protection begins.
Here’s a basic breakdown:
| Behaviour | Legal Provision | Possible Punishment |
| Stalking, repeated messaging | Section 354D IPC | Up to 3 years’ imprisonment |
| Threatening to harm or ruin reputation | Section 506 IPC | Up to 2 years (or 7 years if threat is severe) |
| Verbal or obscene gestures | Section 509 IPC | Up to 1 year |
| Obscene online content | Section 67 IT Act | Up to 3–5 years |
Sometimes, people hesitate to report because they think they’ll need “proof.” But the law doesn’t demand CCTV footage or eyewitnesses for every complaint.
Your statement, supported by call logs, screenshots, or audio clips, can be enough to trigger action. The key is to act early—before things spiral.
If you feel unsafe, your first step should be to write down what’s happening—what was said, when, where, and how often. This personal log becomes valuable if you decide to go to the police.
Save all communication—even if it feels painful—because that can serve as primary evidence.
If the harassment or threat continues, you can file a police complaint or, in serious cases, an FIR under Section 154 of the CrPC. The moment you feel the situation is no longer manageable privately, do not wait.
Go to your local police station, explain the situation, and provide any material you have. You can even take a trusted friend along.
If you’re not sure how to file an FIR or what to say at the police station, read What Is an FIR and How to File One Without a Lawyer. It breaks down the process step-by-step.
In situations where the police are hesitant to act—especially in verbal harassment or domestic disputes—you still have options.
You can write to the Superintendent of Police, file a complaint with the State Women’s Commission, or approach the Magistrate under Section 156(3) CrPC, who can order the police to register your FIR. In online cases, cyber cells are increasingly responsive.
To understand what happens after the FIR is registered, including bail, summons, and investigation, you can read What Happens After You File an FIR? Step-by-Step.
Once a complaint is filed, the police may start a preliminary inquiry or register an FIR under Section 154 of the CrPC if the offence is cognizable.
In many harassment or threat cases—especially if there’s stalking, repeated calls, or threats of violence—the law treats it seriously and police are empowered to arrest or at least issue a notice for questioning.
If you feel in danger even after reporting, you can request a restraining order or protective injunction through a Magistrate. Women can also seek relief under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA), which allows the court to stop the accused from contacting or approaching them, even if they live in the same house or neighbourhood.
In cases involving online threats or blackmail, especially through social media or messaging apps, you can also file a complaint with your local Cyber Crime Cell or report through the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal.
Apart from the police, victims can also approach organisations like the National Commission for Women, State Human Rights Commissions, or even NGOs that offer free legal assistance.
Now, if your harasser gets wind of the complaint and tries to escape legal consequences, they may try for anticipatory bail under Section 438 CrPC. In serious and repeated harassment cases, courts sometimes deny anticipatory bail, especially when there’s digital or documentary evidence.
If you’re ever worried that the person might get arrested but you’re unsure what happens next, you can read How to Help a Friend or Family Member Who’s Been Arrested. It explains what steps follow arrest and how courts handle custody and bail.
While the legal route can take time, your documentation and consistency matter. Courts do act when they see a clear pattern of harassment or threats. You’re not required to tolerate silence or fear.
You’re allowed to stand up for your peace of mind, even if the person making your life hard is someone “known” to you.
FAQs
1. Can I file a complaint without solid proof?
Yes. Your testimony, along with call logs or messages, is often enough to initiate action.
2. What should I do if police refuse to file my complaint?
Approach the SP, file online, or go to a Magistrate under Section 156(3) CrPC.
3. Can I get a restraining order against the harasser?
Yes. Courts can prevent the person from contacting or approaching you.
4. What if the harassment is happening online?
File with the cyber cell or on cybercrime.gov.in.
5. Is verbal abuse considered harassment?
Yes, especially if it’s repetitive and meant to threaten or humiliate.
